- Find and read at least two different translations.
All translations are not created equal – and none are ‘perfect.’ But with several to work with, you can hopefully glean the original intent. There are two primary sources for the early (Pali) sutras:
- There are three primary translators:
Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu
Bhikkhu Sujato
Bhikkhu Bodhi
- Always apply ECREE (the Sagan Standard).
- You are to explain all allegories (and parables). If a sutra containing an allegory or parable seems self-explanatory, reread it.
Occasionally there will be an allegory (or parable) followed by the Buddha continuing to speak. Rest assured, the Buddha is not explaining the allegory.
- Be prepared to read any sutra dozens of times.
- Every detail matters (and should eventually be explained).
Sutras got here after 2500 years of transmission – at least the first 600+ orally. Rest assured that only necessary details remain.
- Like the punchline of a joke, always pay special attention to the last sentence or two.
- The mind, self, and practice
Nearly every sutra addresses one of the following themes:
The nature of the mind
The nature of self
The nature of practice
When assessing a sutra’s aim, be sure to investigate these possibilities before turning to others.
- Always understand the context.
Know who’s speaking (usually the Buddha) and to whom. There are four primary audiences:
The group of five (ascetics whom the Buddha associated with for many years)
Monks and nuns
Lay individuals seeking guidance
Skeptics and challengers
Each presumes a different interest and knowledge base and manifests as the tone and level of detail.